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star · halo star passing through

Arcturus

A big orange star. Follow the curve of the Plough's handle to find it. It is an old star that has swollen up: about 25 times as wide as our Sun. One day our Sun will do the same thing.

🕒 When can I see it?🚀 Travel there
Arcturus — Drawn, not photographed.

What it is

Red giant star on a steep 'halo star' orbit, unlike most nearby disk stars.

Star: A ball of gas with enough mass to fuse hydrogen in its core. Every kind of thing there is →

How to find Arcturus

Look in the constellation Boötes.

Best placed from the Northern Hemisphere.

Finding it: Found by 'arcing' off the Big Dipper's handle.

The Planetarium works out where it actually is from your own place and the date — including whether it is above the horizon at all tonight.

What you will really see

With your own eyes

A bright point of light — even big telescopes can't show a star as a disc.

🔭 See it drawn as it looks through a telescope
🖨️ A sheet to print for this
🖨️ Print a sheet and go and look
🖨️ Sheet to take outside →

Worth knowing about Arcturus

In weight, about the same mass as the Sun — it's puffed up in size, while the amount of material inside stays about the same. On the 100-meter-track scale model of the Milky Way, Arcturus would be less than 4 centimeters from the Sun — roughly the size of a walnut. Light takes 36.7 Earth years to get here from Arcturus, so what you are looking at is Arcturus as it was 36.7 Earth years ago.

How bright it is
Shines roughly 170 times brighter than the Sun, even though it does not have much more mass — that's what happens when a star swells into a giant.
What it is made of
A red giant star, puffed up to about 25 times the Sun's width.
How we know: Its measured speed and direction don't match the smooth rotation of the galactic disk, marking it as a halo star. Rung 5 of the cosmic ladder — the distance to the stars
Its name and its story
Greek for 'Guardian of the Bear'. Its light ceremonially lit the 1933 Chicago World's Fair, based on an (slightly incorrect) estimate that its light left 40 years earlier.
How did anyone measure the Earth in the first place?
The numbers
Across35 341 560 km
Distance from us36.7 light-years
Temperature4 013 °C
Brightness170 × the Sun

How anyone knows this

Nobody flew a tape measure out there. Every number on this page was worked out from the ground:

Next to it

The SunstarNaked eyeProxima CentauristarWith effortSiriusstarNaked eyeVegastarNaked eyeTRAPPIST-1starNot observable51 PegasistarNaked eye
📖 How the Milky Way fits together

Then go outside

Clear tonight? The Planetarium will show you what is worth a look. Then just go out.

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